Rhythm

Rhythm & time signatures

You can play every note right and still sound wrong if the timing is off. Rhythm is the skeleton music hangs on — and it's more learnable than most beginners realize. This page covers how rhythm is counted, written, and felt.

The building blocks

Note durations

Every note value is a fraction of a whole note. Halve the duration, double the number of notes per beat.

NoteBeats (in 4/4)Count
Whole note41 — — —
Half note21 — 3 —
Quarter note11 2 3 4
Eighth note½1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
Sixteenth note¼1 e & a 2 e & a …

A rest is a silence of the same durations — a quarter rest lasts one beat of silence. A dot after a note adds half its value again (a dotted half note = 3 beats). A tie joins two notes into one longer sustained note.

Hear the subdivisions

Counting along

Press play to hear each subdivision at 80 bpm. Count out loud with it — saying the counts is what locks timing into your body.

Quarter notes — "1 2 3 4"

1 2 3 4

Eighth notes — "1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &"

1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &

Sixteenth notes — "1 e & a …"

1 e & a 2 e & a 3 e & a 4 e & a

Triplets — "1 trip let 2 trip let …"

1 trip let 2 trip let 3 trip let 4 trip let
How beats are grouped

Time signatures

The two numbers at the start of a piece: the top says how many beats per bar, the bottom says what kind of note gets one beat (4 = quarter note).

SignatureFeelCountCommon in
4/4Steady, "common time"1 2 3 4most pop, rock, folk — the default
3/4Waltz, swaying1 2 3waltzes, many ballads
6/8Rolling, in two groups of 31 2 3 4 5 6ballads, Irish jigs, "House of the Rising Sun"
2/4March, marching feel1 2marches, polkas
5/4, 7/8Odd, off-kilter1 2 3 4 5 …prog rock, jazz, "Take Five"
Hear the accent pattern:
Making it groove

Straight vs swing, and syncopation

Straight vs swing

Straight eighths divide the beat evenly. Swing (or shuffle) stretches the first eighth and shortens the second, giving that "long-short, long-short" bounce heard in blues, jazz, and rock and roll.

Syncopation

Accenting the off-beats — the "&" between the numbers — instead of the main beats. It's what makes funk, reggae, and most modern pop feel like they push and pull rather than march. Reggae famously emphasizes beats 2 and 4 and the upstrokes.

Advice

Practicing rhythm

Count out loud

Always. Counting externally forces your internal clock to line up with the beat instead of drifting.

Use the metronome

The metronome tool is on the tools page. Start slow enough to be perfect, then speed up gradually.

Tap before you play

Clap or tap a rhythm before adding the guitar. Separating rhythm from fretting makes both easier.